Indwara y’umusonga iterwa na mikorobe za bagiteri (bacteria) cyangwa virusi yibasira ibihaha.
Akenshi umusonga ugaragazwa no gukorora, umuriro no guhumeka bigoranye; ku bantu benshi, umusonga ushobora kwikiza ubwawo udafashe imiti, hagati y’icyumweru 1 na 3.
Umusonga ni indwara ikira kandi ishobora kwirindwa, ariko yihariye impfu zigera kuri 15% zibasira abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu ku Isi.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe Ubuzima OMS ivuga ko iyi ndwara yishe abana bagera kuri 808 694 ku isi2017.
Imiryango itari iya leta muri Afurika iherutse gusaba za Guverinoma kugira icyo zikora mu kurandura umusonga uhitana abana benshi kurusha abahitanwa n’indwara zirimo SIDA, Malaria na Rubéole zikomatanye.
Abashakashatsi bagaragaza ko umusonga ari indwara ikunze kwibasira abana ndetse n’abantu bakuru barengeje imyaka 65.
Abahanga basanga ibimenyetso byayo ari bimwe ku bantu bose, aho usanga irangwa no gukorora, umuriro mwinshi utazima, guhumeka bigoranye, gutitira cyane, kumva unaniwe cyangwa wacitse intege, isereri, kuruka, kubabara mu gituza cyane cyane byiyongera iyo ukoroye cyangwa uri kwinjiza umwuka, gucibwamo bikabije no gutera k’umutima biri hejuru.
Abahanga bavuga ko uburyo bwo kwirinda iyi ndwara ku bana bato nk’abafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bucye cyane ari ukubaha inkingo za bugenewe zituma batabasha gufatwa nayo.
Ikindi ni ukwirinda gukwirakwiza za ‘microbe’ ahabonetse hose, isuku ukayigira iya mbere haba ku mu biri ku biribwa ndetse n’aho utuye, indyo yuzuye igomba guhora mu rugo rwawe mu rwego rwo kwirinda iyi ndwara.
Ushobora kwirinda kurwara umusonga, wirinda kwegera abantu barwaye ibicurane, cyangwa izindi ndwara zandurira mu mwuka. Gukaraba intoki, bizakurinda gukwirakwiza mikorobe zishobora kuwutera.
Inzobere mu buzima kandi zigira inama abantu kwirinda kunywa itabi kuko naho bashobora kuhakuriza kurwara iyi ndwara.
OMS ivuga ko umusonga ari indwara ikira kandi ishobora kwirindwa, ariko yihariye impfu zigera kuri 15% zibasira abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu ku isi.
Ibihugu bikunze kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara ni ibiherereye muri Asiya y’Amajyepfo no muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sashara; agace u Rwanda rubarizwamo.
Ubwo hizihizwaga umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe kurwanya indwara y’umusonga uba buri tariki 12 ugushyingo buri mwaka, Umuryango w’Ababibumbye wita ku buzima OMS, wasabye ibihugu gushyiraho ingamba zihamye zo guhangana na gukumira iyi ndwara nk’uko biri muri gahunda y’intego z’ikinyagihumbi MDGs bikava mu nyandiko, bigashyirwa mu bikorwa.
