Indwara ya Asima ni uburwayi bufata imyanya y’ inzira z’ubuhumekero y’imbere ijyana umwuka mu bihaha. Indwara ya Asima bwa mbere mu mateka yabonetse mu mwaka 2600 mbere ya Yesu mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa.
Mu mwaka wa 400 BC, umuganga w’ Umugereki Hippocrates niwe wakoresheje ijambo Asima, ndetse niwe muganga wagaragaje isano iri hagati y’ibidukikije n’indwara z’ubuhumekero.
Asima ni indwara ikomeye cyane yibasira abantu kandi ikamara igihe kirekire, nubwo idahoraho iza rimwe na rimwe, ifata mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, igafunga inzira umwuka unyuramo. Itera guhumeka nabi; aho uba wumva uhera umwuka, ukumva akajwi gato cyane, gufungana cyane mu gatuza, guhumeka gake kandi gahoro, ndetse no gukorora kenshi rimwe na rimwe.
Asima yibasira abantu mu ngero zose, ariko cyane cyane asima ikunda kuza umuntu akiri muto. Rimwe na rimwe ibimenyetso byayo biba byoroheje ndetse birijyana nta miti ikoreshejwe cg ugafata iyoroheje. Gusa iyo ibimenyetso bikomeye wihutira kujya kwa muganga kuko bishobora kuba bibi cyane mu gihe
wagira crise ya asima, kuko ishobora gutuma uhera umwuka ukaba wanapfa.
Ese indwara ya Asima yaba iterwa n’iki?
Impamvu nyakuri itera asima ntizwi neza. Gusa abashakashatsi bemeza ko
ikwirakwizwa ku babyeyi ku bana babo (hereditaire), ndetse n’ibikikije aho uba.
Zimwe mu mpamvu zivugwa ;
Harimo,
Kuba ababyeyi bawe cg abo mu muryango ba hafi bararwaye asima nabo
Kurwara izindi ndwara z’ubuhumekero ukiri muto
Kuba ahantu hashobora kukwanduza indwara z’ubuhumekero cg zituruka
kuri virusi mu gihe ukiri muto, abasirikare b’umubiri batarakomera.
Impamvu zimwe zitera bamwe kurwara cyane mu gihe abandi batarwara cyane.
Ubushakashatsi buracyakorwa mu kumenya impamvu nyakuri itera asima.
Ese ni uwuhe muti wa asima?
Asima ntikira. Akaba ariyo mpamvu hatavurwa indwara ahubwo havurwa
ibimenyetso byayo (twarebeye hamwe hejuru).
Nubwo hari imiti myinshi y’ibinini (twavuga nka aminophylline, salbutamol
cyangwa prednisolone), ibinini bifasha mu gihe cya crise. Gusa imikorere yabyo ni
rusange kuko bica mu maraso, bigatuma bijya n’ahandi biba bitagenewe kugira
icyo bikora.
Umuti mwiza ni ipompo (pompe). Ipompo ibamo imiti yo mu bwoko bwa
‘corticosteroide’ ifungura mu myanya y’ubuhumekero. Ipompo ikora mu buryo
bwizewe kandi bwiza, aho umuntu akanda umuti agiye kwinjiza umwuka, nuko
umuti ukagenda ukagera neza mu bihaha aho ukora icyo wagenewe gukora;
gufungura imyanya y’ubuhumekero.
Imiti ikunze gukoreshwa cyane muri ubu bwoko ni fluticasone, beclomethasone
(becloasma), salbutamol (Ventolin) n’iyindi.
Ku zindi nama uko wakoresha pompe, wakwegera farumasi yakwereka uko
ikoreshwa neza kuko iyo ikoreshejwe nabi bituma umuti utagera mu bihaha neza,
bikaba byatera uwukoresha gukomeza kurwara cyane.
Dukurikije imibare ya OMS iheruka gusohoka mu 2020 Impfu za Asima mu
Rwanda zageze kuri 717, bihariye 1.24% by’impfu zose. U Rwanda ruza
kumwanya 53 ku isi mu kwibasirwa na Asima. OMS igaragaza ko Asima yibasiye
abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 262 muri 2019 ihitana abantu 455.000 ku isi yose.
Asima kuva imenyekanye mu myaka irenga ibihumbi bibiri , abantu bagera kuri
miliyoni 25 muri Amerika baracyafite iyi ndwara.
Valens NZABONIMANA
