Mu mateka y’Isi, hari abayobozi bayoboye ibihugu bagaragaje inzira zidasanzwe zitandukanye n’iz’abandi. Bamwe bakomotse mu bukene, abandi banyuze mu buroko cyangwa mu ntambara, ariko bakaza kugera ku ntebe y’ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu bikomeye. Dore inkuru y’abaperezida batatu bafite amateka adasanzwe:
1) Nelson Mandela (1918–2013)
Nelson Mandela yavukiye ku itariki ya 18 Nyakanga 1918 muri Afurika y’Epfo. Yabaye umwe mu bayobozi bakomeye barwanyije ivangura (apartheid) ryatandukanyaga abirabura n’abazungu.
Mu 1962, yafunzwe azira ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubutegetsi bw’ivangura, maze amara imyaka 27 muri gereza (1964–1990), cyane cyane kuri Robben Island. Nyuma yo kurekurwa ku itariki ya 11 Gashyantare 1990, yakomeje urugamba rwo kunga igihugu.
Mu 1994, Mandela yatorewe kuba Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo, aba uwa mbere w’umwirabura uyoboye igihugu. Yategetse kuva 1994 kugeza 1999, aho yibanze ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge bw’igihugu nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’amacakubiri.
* Igitangaje: umuntu wafunzwe hafi imyaka 30 yaje kuba Perezida w’igihugu cye kandi akubaka ubumwe hagati y’abaturage.
2) José Mujica (1935–2025 )
José Mujica yavukiye muri Uruguay ku itariki ya 20 Gicurasi 1935. Mbere yo kwinjira muri politiki, yabaye inyeshyamba mu mutwe wa Tupamaros, aho yarwanyaga ubutegetsi bw’igihugu.
Yafunzwe imyaka irenga 13 (1972–1985), harimo igihe kinini yamaze ari mu bwigunge bukabije. Nyuma yo kurekurwa, yinjiye muri politiki y’amahoro.
Mu 2010, Mujica yatorewe kuba Perezida wa Uruguay, ayobora igihugu kugeza mu 2015. Azwi cyane kubera ubuzima bwe bworoheje: yanze gutura mu ngoro y’umukuru w’igihugu, akomeza kuba mu rugo rwe rusanzwe, kandi yatangaga hafi 90% y’umushahara we ku bikorwa by’abatishoboye.
* Igitangaje: Perezida wabayeho ubuzima bworoheje cyane kurusha abandi benshi ku Isi.
3) Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865)
Abraham Lincoln yavutse tariki ya 12 Gashyantare 1809 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu muryango ukennye cyane. Ntiyagize amahirwe yo kwiga cyane, ariko yitozaga kwiyigisha.
Linciln yabaye Perezida wa 16 wa Amerika ku itariki ya 4 Werurwe 1861, mu gihe igihugu cyari kiri mu ntambara y’imbere mu gihugu (American Civil War) yatangiye mu 1861 ikarangira mu 1865.
Mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwe, mu 1863, yasohoye itegeko rizwi nka Emancipation Proclamation, ryafashije mu kurandura ubucakara. Intambara yarangiye mu 1865, ariko Lincoln yaje kwicwa ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1865.
*Igitangaje: yakuriye mu bukene bukabije, ariko aza kuba umwe mu baperezida bahinduye amateka ya Amerika n’Isi yose.
