Ifaranga rya CFA; umutwaro uremereye ubukungu bw’Afurika

Ibihugu byo mu burengerazuba bw’Afurika bikoresha ifaranga rya CFA byanzuye ko bishaka kwigirira ifaranga ryabyo, rikanakura amafaranga yabyo abikwa mu mabanki yo mu Bufaransa.

Ifaranga rya CFA rikora mu bihugu 14 byahoze bikoronejwe n’u Bufaransa kuva mu mu mpera z’intamabara y’Isi ya kabiri.

Ni ifaranga abasesenguzi mu bukungu bita ifaranga ry’ubukoloni, ifaranga rihombya cyane ibihugu bikirikoresha.

Kuki abakuru b’ibihugu by’Afurika bakomeza gushyigikira ifaranga ribashora mu bihombo?

Kuva mu 1945, ifaranga rya CFA ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu bihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati n’iy’uburengerazuba byakoronejwe n’u Bufaransa.

Iri faranga ryakomeje gukoreshwa na nyuma y’uko ibi bihugu bibonye ubwigenge.

Kuri ubu i CFA rikoreshwa n’abasaga miriyoni 155 kuri uyu mugabane w’Afurika, mu bihugu 14 byakorejwe n’u Bufaransa aribyo: Cameroun, Benin, Mali, Gabon, Senegal, Congo Brazzaville, Cote d’Ivoire, Tchad, Togo, Burukina Faso, Niger, Guinée Équatoriale, Guinée-Conakry na Guinée Bissau.

Hagati y’1950 n’1960 u Bufaransa bwemeye ko ibihugu bwakoronezaga byigenga. N’ubwo ariko ubwigenge mu mpapuro bwasinywe, Leta ya Paris yahamagariye ibihugu by’Afurika gusinya andi masezerano yo gukomeza mu kindi gisa nk’ubukoloni, ‘Pact for Continuation of Colonization’.

Bemeranyije gushyiraho ifaranga rifaransa ry’ubukoloni ku bihugu bwakolonije, kugira ngo amashuri mafaransa ahagume, gahunda za gisirikare zikomeze zikorwe n’ururimi rw’igifaransa rwemerwe mu gihugu.

Mu 1958, Uwari Perezida Wa Guinée-Conakry Ahmed Sekou Toure yateye utwatsi umushinga wa Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubufaransa General Charles de Gaulle wo kwemera itegeko nshinga rishya ry’u Bafaransa muri Guinée.

95% by’AbanyaGuinée bashaka ubwigenge busesuye, burimo no kwigenga ku ifaranga.

Mu cyumweru kimwe nk’uko tubikesha New York Times, u Bufaransa bwahise buhamagaza abakozi bose 4000 babwo, barimo abayobozi, abaganga, abacamanza, abatekenisiye n’abarimu. Abo bakozi basize batswitse gahunda zose zari mu mpapuro, ububiko n’imashini zose.

Nyuma y’Ubwigenge mu  mwaka w’1973, ibihugu byo Afurika yo hagati n’iy’iburengerazuba byategetswe kubitsa 100% by’amafaranga yabyo mu Bufaransa. Mu 2005 byari bikibitsa agera kuri 65%, kuri ubu ni 50.

Ko ibihugu by’Afurika bisobanukiwe igihombo iri faranga rikoloni ryabateje kandi rikibateza, kuki bikomeza kurikoresha.

Pierrot Simoneti wabaye umunyamakuru mu Rwanda, uzobereye mu politike mpuzamahanga n’ubukungu kuri ubu uri i Londre mu Bwongereza arasobanura.

Ati “ Harimo kuba u Bufaransa nk’igihugu cyari cyarakoronije biriya bihugu gihora gifitemo akaboko; biriya bihugu ni ibihugu byabayemo ‘Coup d’Etat’ nyinshi, ariko iyo ukurikiranye amateka y’izo ‘Coup d’Etat’ usanga rimwe na rimwe u Bufaransa bushigikiye ababa batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi. Iyo akenshi ushatse kwanga iyo ‘système’ yariya faranga rya CFA, ujya kwikanga wavuye ku butegetsi, ariko bikorerwa inyuma ntabwo ubibona; ukabona nk’u Bufaransa bwashyigikiye inyeshyemba.”

Perezida wa Benin Patrice Talon aherutse gutangaza ko ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’Uburengerazuba bikoresha ifaranga rya CFA bishaka kwigenzurira ifaranga, bikanarekera kubitsa by’itegeko mu gihugu cy’u Bufaransa.

Aha umukuru w’iguhugu wa Benin yari mu kiganiro kihariye na Christophe Boisbouvier wa RFI na Marc Perelman wa France 24.

Ati “ Icyo cyabaye ikibazo ku i CFA, ariko cy’imyumvire kitari imikorere.

Ibi  bigomba gukorwa mu buryo bwihuse, kandi tugomba kubikemura, amadevize y’ibihugu byakoreshaga i CFA  mu burengerazuba, azacungirwa   mabanki y’ibihugu bitandukanye. Iy’Amerika, iy’u Bushinwa, iy’u Buyapani,iya Canada, n’izindi n’iz’i Burayi. Banki nkuru ya UEMOA izacunga amadevise yayo yose”.

Igihugu cy’u Bufaransa cyakomeje kumvikana kivuga ko nta kibazo gifite ku mavugururwa ari kuba mu gace gakoresha ifaranga rya CFA.

Uyu ni Minisitiri w’Imari n’Ubukungu mu Bufaransa Bruno Lemaire.

Ati “Icyo nababwira ni uko perezida wa Repeburika yiteguye amavugururwa yose afite icyo avuze muri kari gace gakoresha i CFA.”

Iri CFA rigabanywa mu byiciro bibiri, igice cy’ubukungu mu bihugu byo muri Afurica yo Hagati CEMAC, birimo Tchad, Cameroon, Repeburika ya Centre Africa, Gabon, Guine Equatorial na Congo Brazzaville. Hari n’igice cy’uburengerazuba  UEMOA kirimo Senegal, Guine Bissau, Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, Burukina Faso, Togo, Repeburika ya Benin na Niger.

Abdullah IGIRANEZA