Mu mateka y’isi, hari amagambo yavutse kubera ibihe bikomeye byabayeho, agahinduka ingenzi mu gusobanura ukuri kw’ibyabaye no gukumira ko byongera kuba. Ijambo “jenoside” (genocide) ni rimwe muri ayo magambo akomeye cyane, rifite amateka yihariye kandi rifitanye isano n’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Ijambo jenoside ryatangiye gukoreshwa bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1944, rihimbwa n’umunyamategeko w’Umunyapolonye witwaga Raphael Lemkin. Lemkin yari umuntu wabonye n’amaso ye ingaruka mbi z’ivangura n’ubwicanyi bwibasira amatsinda y’abantu, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose izwi nka World War II.
Mu bushakashatsi bwe, Lemkin yabonye ko nta jambo ryari risanzwe risobanura neza igikorwa cyo kwica abantu hagamijwe kubarimbura burundu kubera uko bavutse, idini ryabo cyangwa ubwenegihugu bwabo. Ibi byatumye atekereza ijambo rishya, maze ahuriza hamwe amagambo abiri ariyo: “geno” risobanura ubwoko cyangwa inkomoko (rikomoka ku Kigiriki), na “cide” risobanura kwica (rikomoka ku Kilatini). Kuva ubwo havuka ijambo “genocide” risobanura ubwicanyi bugambiriwe bwo kurimbura itsinda runaka ry’abantu.
Lemkin yakoresheje iri jambo bwa mbere mu gitabo cye cyasohotse mu 1944 cyitwa Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. Muri iki gitabo, yasobanuye neza uburyo ubutegetsi bw’aba-Nazi bwakoraga gahunda yo kurimbura Abayahudi n’andi matsinda, igikorwa cyaje kumenyekana nka Holocaust.
Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, isi yose yatangiye kumva uburemere bw’iri jambo n’akamaro ko gushyiraho amategeko arikumira. Mu mwaka wa 1948, Umuryango w’Abibumbye uzwi nka United Nations wemeje amasezerano mpuzamahanga yiswe Genocide Convention. Aya masezerano yasobanuye jenoside nk’icyaha mpuzamahanga, anagena ko ari icyaha kigomba guhanwa aho ari ho hose ku isi.
Aya masezerano agaragaza ko jenoside itari ukwica abantu gusa, ahubwo irimo n’ibindi bikorwa bigamije kurimbura itsinda ry’abantu, nko kubatera ibikomere bikomeye, kubashyira mu buzima bugamije kubarimbura, cyangwa kubuza urubyaro rwabo kubaho.
Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, iri jambo ryagiye rikoreshwa mu gusobanura ibindi byago bikomeye byabaye ku isi, harimo na Genocide yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, yabaye mu 1994.
Iyi jenoside ni imwe mu ngero zigaragaza ubukana n’ubugome iri jambo risobanura, aho abantu barenga miliyoni bishwe mu gihe gito cyane.
Uyu munsi, ijambo jenoside rifite uburemere bukomeye mu mategeko mpuzamahanga no mu mibereho y’abantu. Si ijambo gusa risobanura amateka mabi yabaye, ahubwo ni n’icyibutsa isi yose ko igomba guhora ihagurukiye kurwanya ivangura, urwango n’ibikorwa byose bishobora kuganisha ku kurimbura abantu.
Mu gusoza, amateka y’ijambo jenoside atwigisha ko amagambo ashobora kugira imbaraga zo guhindura isi.
Kuva ryahimbwa na Lemkin kugeza ryemejwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, ryabaye intwaro ikomeye mu kurengera ubuzima bw’abantu no guharanira ko ibyabaye bitazongera kubaho ukundi.
